Traditional method. Uses salt (sodium chloride) to swap hard minerals (calcium/magnesium) for sodium. Works like a charm if you've got salt and power.
PROS: Removes 95%+ of hardness. Proven tech. Works on all water types. Low ongoing cost after setup.
CONS: Needs regular salt top-ups (50kg bag ~$25-$35). Wastes 20-30L water per regeneration. Not ideal for low-water off-grid setups. Salt can be a pain in remote areas.
Australian suppliers: WaterSoft (watersoft.com.au), Aquasana (aquasana.com.au). $600-$1,400 for a 10,000-grain unit (fits most 5,000L tanks).
Tip: Only install if you've got a bore/well with >150ppm hardness. If your water's soft already? Skip it. Test at Bunnings ($15 test kit) or via your local council.
Salt-Free (Template-Assisted/Chelation)
Doesn't remove minerals. Instead, it alters their structure so they won't form limescale. No salt, no waste water. Perfect for off-grid.
PROS: Zero salt needed. Zero water waste. Low maintenance. Works on all water types. No ongoing costs after purchase.
CONS: Doesn't remove hardness (so water still feels "hard" on skin). Doesn't work on very high hardness (>300ppm). May not stop all scale in extreme cases.
It walks through the ion‑exchange cycle in plain terms—showing resin loading, regeneration, and brine refill—so you can see exactly what happens inside a softener without the usual marketing fluff.— Sarah Chen